Many phones now expect USB-C Power Delivery. A legacy USB-A wall brick capped near 5–12W looks “stuck” at low charge rates even when the cable feels fine.
USB-A ports speak older BC1.2 / proprietary profiles. USB-C PD negotiates higher voltage steps (e.g. 9V) so the same watts arrive with lower current and less cable loss. Replacing only the cable rarely unlocks PD if the wall adapter has no USB-C PD controller.
Only up to what the USB-A adapter can advertise. Without a PD source, you stay in the low-watt regime.
Phones usually peak well below 45W. A honest 20–30W PD charger covers most phones; higher wattage helps if you also charge tablets/laptops on the same brick.